尼古拉二世(1868～1918年)
Nicholas II
俄语全名Nikolay Aleksandrovich
俄国末代沙皇（1894～1917年在位）。亚历山大三世的儿子。早期受军事教育，1894年接替其父担任沙皇。他是个独裁却又无主见的统治者，听任他宠信的妻子亚历山德拉摆布。他对亚洲的兴趣导致了西伯利亚大铁路的建设和後来灾难性的日俄战争（1904～1905）。1905年俄国革命後，他勉强同意成立国家杜马，但却限制杜马的权力，只是象徵性地推行其措施。当时的首相斯托雷平曾试图改革，但日益受亚历山德拉和拉斯普廷左右的尼古拉二世却横加阻挠。俄国在第一次世界大战中遭到挫败後，尼古拉二世罢免了广受欢迎的俄军总司令尼古拉大公爵，自任指挥，让亚历山德拉和拉斯普廷擅权。他不在莫斯科和亚历山德拉的弄权加剧了混乱，最终导致了1917年俄国革命。1917年3月尼古拉二世被迫退位，全家被李沃夫的临时政府拘押。由於遭到当地布尔什维克的反对，原先将其全家送往英格兰的计画无法实施。在被押往叶卡捷琳堡後，1918年7月全家在当地的一个地下室被处决。
English version：
1868～1918年
Nicholas II
Tsar of Russia (1894-1917). Son of Alexander III, he received a military education and succeeded his father as tsar in 1894. He was an autocratic but indecisive ruler and was devoted to his wife, Alexandra, who strongly influenced his rule. His interest in Asia led to construction of the Trans-Siberian Railroad and also helped cause the disastrous Russo-Japanese War (1904-5). After the Russian Revolution of 1905, he agreed reluctantly to a representative Duma but restricted its powers and made only token efforts to enact its measures. His prime minister, Piotr Stolypin, attempted reforms, but Nicholas, increasingly influenced by Alexandra and Grigory Rasputin, opposed him. After Russia suffered setbacks in World War I, Nicholas ousted the popular grand duke Nicholas as commander in chief of Russian forces and assumed command himself, at the bidding of Alexandra and Rasputin. His absence from Moscow and Alexandra's mismanagement of the government caused increasing unrest and culminated in the Russian Revolution of 1917. Nicholas abdicated in March 1917 and was detained with his family by Georgy Y. Lvov's provisional government. Plans for the royal family to be sent to England were overruled by the local Bolsheviks. Sent to the city of Yekaterinburg, the family was executed in a cellar there in July 1918.