伯恩斯坦(1918～1990年)
Bernstein, Leonard
美国指挥家、作曲家和作家。哈佛大学毕业後才决定从事音乐工作。在寇蒂斯音乐学院学习指挥，师从蓝纳後，成为坦格伍德（Tanglewood；在麻萨诸塞州莱诺克斯举办）夏季音乐节上的固定演员，在那里他认识了科普兰，并成为库塞维茨基的助理。1943年在一次音乐会广播中，临时决定让他代人指挥，不料一举成名。1944年他为罗宾斯的芭蕾舞剧《自由的想像》和热门的百老汇剧《锦城春色》配乐，取得巨大的成功。在指挥方面，与他合作最密切的是以色列、纽约和维也纳交响乐团；他首演了许多当代音乐，并在复兴马勒的音乐方面扮演重要的角色。最着名的作品是轰动一时的音乐剧《西城故事》（1956）；其他的作品包括音乐剧《奇妙的小镇》（1952）和《天真汉》（1956）、三部交响乐、《奇切斯特诗篇》（1965），以及舞台剧《弥撒曲》（1971）。他还是个知名的电视演说者和卓越的政治活动家。
English version：
1918～1990年
Bernstein, Leonard
U.S. conductor, composer, and writer. Born in Lawrence, Mass., he resolved on a music career only after graduating from Harvard University. After studying conducting at the Curtis Institute with Fritz Reiner, he became a fixture at Tanglewood (in Lenox, Mass.), where he met A. Copland and became S. Koussevitzky's assistant. Fame came abruptly when he substituted on short notice at a concert broadcast in 1943. In 1944 he triumphed with his music for Jerome Robbins's ballet Fancy Free and the hit Broadway show On the Town. As conductor, his closest associations were with the Israel, New York, and Vienna Philharmonics; he premiered much contemporary music and was instrumental in the G. Mahler revival. His best-known composition was the hit musical West Side Story (1957); other works include the musicals Wonderful Town (1952) and Candide (1956), three symphonies, the Chichester Psalms (1965), and the theatrical Mass (1971). Well known as a television lecturer, he was also a prominent political activist.