柬埔寨(Cambodia)，亦称Kampuchea。
亚洲南部君主国。面积181,036平方公里。人口约12,720,000（2001）。首都︰金边。孟－高棉人占全国人口大多数。语言︰高棉语（官方语）。宗教：佛教（国教）。货币︰瑞尔（riel）。主要地形为广大的中部平原。象山山脉沿着北部边境。大部分位於湄公河盆地。最大的湖洞里萨湖位於西部。该国大部分是丛林，为世界最穷的国家之一。农业人口占了全国劳动力的3/4。政府形式是君主立宪政体，一院制。国家元首是国王，政府首脑为第一总理（由第二总理辅助）。
早期基督教时代，该地区受印度和在较小程度上的佛教影响。7世纪初，高棉人逐渐扩张。到闍耶跋摩二世（770年～850）及9～12世纪他的继承者时国势达到颠峰，当时统治范围包括整个湄公河流域和属国掸邦，并建吴哥。13世纪期间随着佛教的散播，书写文字从梵文改为巴利文，但也从此时开始受到安南和暹罗城邦的攻击，後来沦为安南或暹罗的省份。1863年成为法国的保护国。第二次世界大战被日本占领。1954年独立。1961年起边界区沦为越战战场。1970年东北部和东部区被北越占领，使美国和南越军队加紧参战。美国不分区别的轰炸，破坏了自己同多数柬埔寨人的关系，遂使由波布带领下的共产党赤棉於1975年掌权。赤棉的恐怖政权造成超过一百万柬埔寨人口的死亡。1979年越南入侵，把赤棉赶到了西部的穷乡僻壤，但其重建国家的努力步履维艰，柬埔寨内部各派系之间的斗争仍然持续。1991年在联合国的主持下，柬埔寨大多数派系之间达成了一项和平协议。1993年举行大选。内政与军事不安仍然持续。1997年施亚努国王离开濒於内战的该国。
English version：
Cambodia
Monarchy, South Asia. Area: 69,898 sq mi (181,036 sq km). Population (1997 est.): 10,385,000. Capital: Phnom Penh. The vast majority of the population belongs to the Mon-Khmer ethnic group. Language: Khmer (official). Religion: Buddhism (official). Currency: riel. It is dominated by large central plains; the Dangrek Mountains lie along its northern border. It lies largely in the basin of the Mekong River; the large lake Tonle Sap is in its western part. Much of the country is jungle. It is one of the world's poorest countries. Agriculture employs three-fourths of the workforce. It is a constitutional monarchy with one legislative house; its chief of state is the king, and its heads of government are co-premiers. In the early Christian era, the area was under Hindu and to a lesser extent Buddhist influence. The Khmer state gradually spread in the early 7th century, and reached its height under Jayavarman II and his successors in the 9th-12th century, when it ruled the Mekong Valley and the tributary Shan states and built Angkor. Widespread adoption of Buddhism occurred in the 13th century, resulting in a script change from Sanskrit to Pali. From the 13th century it was attacked by Annam and Siamese city-states and was alternately a province of one or the other. It became a French protectorate in 1863. It was occupied by the Japanese in World War II; it became independent in 1954. Its borders were the scene of fighting in the Vietnam War from 1961, and in 1970 its northeastern and eastern areas were occupied by the North Vietnamese and penetrated by U.S. and South Vietnamese forces. An indiscriminate U.S. bombing campaign alienated much of the population, enabling the communist Khmer Rouge under Pol Pot to seize power in 1975. Their regime of terror resulted in the deaths of over 1 million Cambodians. Vietnam invaded in 1979 and drove the Khmer Rouge into the western hinterlands, but it was unable to effect reconstruction of the country and Cambodian infighting continued. A peace accord was reached by most Cambodian factions under UN auspices in 1991, and elections were held in 1993. Civil and military unrest continued. In 1997 King Norodom Sihanouk left the country, which was on the verge of civil war.